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Review is paper handout and overhead projector. Following, microcontrollers, microprogramming and 64-bit. A microcontroller may be a very small and inexpensive device. The basic parts are Combinational Logic, logic gates, and some type of stoarge, Sequential Logic.A microcontroller may have Read Only Memory, ROM, that contains a microprogam to run the microcontroller. Micro assemblers and micro compilers may be used to generate the microprogram. The microprogram is manufactured in the microcontroller.
This lecture also covers 64-bit machines. A 64-bit architecture, by definition, has 64-bit integer registers. Many computers have had 64-bit IEEE floating point for many years. The 64-bit machines have been around for a while as the Alpha and PowerPC yet have become popular for the desktop with the Intel and AMD 64-bit machines.
Software has been dragging well behind computer architecture. The chaos started in 1979 with the following "choices."
The full whitepaper www.1.org/whitepapers/64bit.html My desire is to have the compiler, linker and operating system be ILP64. All my code would work fine. I make no assumptions about word length. I use sizeof(int) sizeof(size_t) etc. when absolutely needed. On my 8GB computer I use a single array of over 4GB thus the subscripts must be 64-bit. The only option, I know of, for gcc is -m64 and that just gives LP64. Yuk! I have to change my source code and use "long" everywhere in place of "int". If you get the idea that I am angry with the compiler vendors, you are correct! Here are sample programs and output to test for 64-bit capability in gcc: Get sizeof on types and variables big.c output from gcc -m64 big.out malloc more than 4GB big_malloc.c output from big_malloc_mac.out The early 64-bit computers were: DEC Alpha DEC Alpha IBM PowerPC
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