A Brief Overview of the Virtual File System
===========================================
	by Benjamin LaHaise (blah@dot.superaje.com)

Noone else seems to be writing this, so here's a quick description of what
I've learned while writing lofs...

The VFS is relatively simple, but it is nice not to have to browse through
pages of code to determine what is expected when writing a filesystem.
Hopefully this helps anyone attempting such a feat, as well as clearing up
a few important points/dependencies.

register_filesystem (struct file_system_type *fstype)
=====================================================

All filesystems are created equal... or at least they start out that way.
A filesystem, be it in module form, or linked into the kernel, needs to add
itself to the table of filesystems by calling register_filesystem with an
initialized file_system_type structure.  Any further functions of the
filesystem are accessed through the following function tables...


struct file_system_type
=======================

	struct super_block *(*read_super) (struct super_block *sb, void *options, int silent);

		This is the entry point of all filesystems.  If the filesystem succeeds
		in mounting itself, sb should be returned, otherwise NULL.  options is
		a pointer to a maximum of PAGE_SIZE-1 bytes of options, typically a zero
		terminated string passed from mount.  This page is freed after read_super
		returns, so do not use any pointers into it.

		This routine _must_ set the s_op member of sb to point to a valid
		super_operations structure.

	const char *name;

		Name points to a string that the system will know the filesystem by.

	int requires_dev;

		Set this flag to 1 if the filesystem requires a block device to be mounted
		on.

	struct file_system_type * next;

		This field points to the next file_system_type that is present in the system,
		and should be initialized to NULL.

struct super_operations
=======================

The super_operations structure is found through the s_op member of the
super_block structure.

	void (*read_inode) (struct inode *inode);
	[optional - doesn't quite make sense]
		read_inode is called by the VFS when iget is called requesting an inode
		not already present in the inode table.  i_ino is set to the number of the
		inode requested.

		The i_op member of inode should be set to a valid inode_operations
		structure.  Typically filesystems have separate inode_operations for
		directories, files and symlinks.  i_op can be NULL.

	int (*notify_change) (struct inode *, struct iattr *);
	[optional]
	void (*write_inode) (struct inode *);
	[optional]

	int (*put_inode) (struct inode *inode);
	[optional]
		put_inode is called by the VFS when the last instance of inode is released
		with a call to iput.  The only special consideration that should be made
		is that iget may reuse inode without calling read_inode unless clear_inode
		is called.  put_inode MUST return 1 if it called clear_inode on the inode,
		otherwise zero.

	void (*put_super) (struct super_block *);
	[optional]
	void (*write_super) (struct super_block *);
	[optional]
	void (*statfs) (struct super_block *, struct statfs *, int);
	[optional]
	int (*remount_fs) (struct super_block *, int *, char *);
	[optional]


struct inode_operations
=======================

	struct file_operations * default_file_ops;
	[mandatory]
		All inode_operations structures must have default_file_ops pointing to
		a valid file_operations structure.

	int (*create) (struct inode *,const char *,int,int,struct inode **);
	[optional]

	int (*lookup) (struct inode *dir, const char *name, int len, struct inode **result);
	[optional]
		lookup is called when the VFS wishes to have the filesystem resolve a name
		into an inode.  Dir is a directory on the filesystem that [hopefully] contains
		the zero terminated string name (length len).  A return value of zero indicates
		that there is a valid inode stored in *result.

***		Note: lofs assumes that any filesystem returns an inode within the filesystem
		for all directory inodes.  Therefore, __iget(sb,ino,0) should be used to fetch
		the inode in a filesystem's lookup routine.

	int (*link) (struct inode *,struct inode *,const char *,int);
	[optional]
	int (*unlink) (struct inode *,const char *,int);
	[optional]
	int (*symlink) (struct inode *,const char *,int,const char *);
	[optional]
	int (*mkdir) (struct inode *,const char *,int,int);
	[optional]
	int (*rmdir) (struct inode *,const char *,int);
	[optional]
	int (*mknod) (struct inode *,const char *,int,int,int);
	[optional]
	int (*rename) (struct inode *,const char *,int,struct inode *,const char *,int, int);
	[optional]

	int (*readlink) (struct inode *inode, char *buf, int len);
	[optional]
		readlink is called by the VFS to read the contents of a symbolic link.
		inode is an inode that meets the S_ISLNK test, and buf points to a buffer
		of len bytes.

	int (*follow_link) (struct inode *,struct inode *,int,int,struct inode **);
	[optional]
		follow_link must be implemented if readlink is implemented.
		Note that follow_link can return a different inode than a
		lookup_dentry() on the result of readlink() would return.
		The proc filesystem, in particular, uses this feature heavily.
		For most user filesystems, however, follow_link() and readlink()
		should return consistent results.

	int (*readpage) (struct inode *, struct page *);	[optional]
	int (*writepage) (struct inode *, struct page *);	[mandatory with readpage]

		In order for files to be mmap'd, readpage and writepage are required.
		A filesystem can use generic_readpage/writepage if it supports the bmap
		function.  Otherwise, a custom version must be written. 

	int (*bmap) (struct inode *,int);
	[optional]
	void (*truncate) (struct inode *);
	[optional]
	int (*permission) (struct inode *, int);
	[optional]
	int (*smap) (struct inode *,int);
	[optional]

struct file_operations
======================

	int (*lseek) (struct inode *, struct file *, off_t, int);
	int (*read) (struct inode *, struct file *, char *, int);
	int (*write) (struct inode *, struct file *, const char *, int);
	int (*readdir) (struct inode *, struct file *, void *, filldir_t);
	unsigned int (*poll) (struct file *, poll_table *);
	int (*ioctl) (struct inode *, struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);
	int (*mmap) (struct inode *, struct file *, struct vm_area_struct *);
	int (*open) (struct inode *, struct file *);
	void (*release) (struct inode *, struct file *);
	int (*fsync) (struct inode *, struct file *);
	int (*fasync) (struct inode *, struct file *, int);
	int (*check_media_change) (kdev_t dev);
	int (*revalidate) (kdev_t dev);

